2205 Duplex Steel Welding Material
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What is 2205 alloy stainless steel?
2205 alloy (UNS S32305/S31803) is an alloyed duplex stainless steel containing 22% chromium, 3% molybdenum, 5-6% nickel, and nitrogen. It was designed to address common corrosion problems found in 300 series stainless steels. It exhibits excellent resistance to pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking, and its strength is higher than that of austenitic stainless steels such as 304 and 316.
What is a 2205 duplex equivalent to?
Duplex 2205 is equivalent to the following international designations: UNS S31803 and S32205, EN/DIN 1.4462, and ASTM F51 or F60. The designation UNS S32205 is a more modern and widely used version with tighter composition controls than the older S31803.
Welding 2205 duplex stainless steel requires high precision and typically necessitates the use of welding consumables whose chemical composition and properties are well-matched to ensure excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in the weld joint.
1. Electrode Selection
E2209-16: This is a commonly used electrode for welding 2205 duplex stainless steel, conforming to AWS A5.4 standard. Its alloy composition is similar to that of 2205 duplex steel, primarily used for manual arc welding (SMAW). The weld joint exhibits a duplex structure, providing excellent resistance to pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.
2. Welding Wire Selection
ER2209: This welding wire is suitable for gas shielded welding (GTAW, MIG), conforming to AWS A5.9 standard.
3. Precautions
Preheating and Post-heating: Preheating is generally not required for welding 2205 duplex steel, but interpass temperature must be controlled and kept below 150°C to avoid grain coarsening in the heat-affected zone.
Cooling control: Rapid cooling to room temperature after welding helps maintain an appropriate austenite-ferrite ratio in the weld joint, ensuring the material's dual-phase structure.
Nitrogen protection: In some cases, adding nitrogen protection can increase the austenite ratio during welding, improving weldability.
Chemical Analysis Typical Values (Weight %)
| Carbon | Chromium | Nickel | Molybdenum | Nitrogen | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.020 | 22.1 | 5.6 | 3.1 | 0.18 | S=0.001 |
|
PREN = [Cr%] = 3.3 [Mo%] = 16 [N%] ≥ 34 |
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Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
| ASTM A 240 | Typical | |
|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength 0.2%, ksi | 65 min. | 74 |
| Tensile Strength, ksi | 90 min. | 105 |
| Elongation, % | 25 min. | 30 |
| Hardness RC | 32 max. | 19 |
Tensile Properties at Elevated Temperatures
| Temperature °F | 122 | 212 | 392 | 572 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength 0.2%, ksi | 60 | 52 | 45 | 41 |
| Tensile Strength, ksi | 96 | 90 | 83 | 81 |
Physical Properties
| Temperature °F | 68 | 212 | 392 | 572 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | lb/in3 | 0.278 | - | - | - |
| Modulus of Elasticity | psi x 106 | 27.6 | 26.1 | 25.4 | 24.9 |
| Linear Expansion (68°F-T) | 10-6/°F | - | 7.5 | 7.8 | 8.1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | Btu/h ft°F | 8.7 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 10.4 |
| Heat Capacity | Btu/lb ft°F | 0.112 | 0.119 | 0.127 | 0.134 |
| Electrical Resistivity | Ωin x 10-6 | 33.5 | 35.4 | 37.4 | 39.4 |
Machining and Heat Treatment:
Machinability: Lower than some standard austenitic stainless steel grades, such as 304.
Weldability: Good weldability can be achieved using common stainless steel welding techniques, usually without the need for preheating or post-heat treatment.
Heat Treatment: Avoid use at temperatures above 300°C to prevent embrittlement. Rapid water quenching after annealing is necessary to maintain its properties.
Forming: Cold bending is difficult and may require annealing after significant deformation. Hot bending should be performed between 950-1000°C.
What are the specifications for Alloy 2205?
• ASTM/ASME………..A240 / SA 240 UNS S32205/S31803
• EURONORM………..1.4462 X2CrNiMoN 22.5.3
• AFNOR……………….Z3 CrNi 22.05 AZ
• DIN…………………….W. Nr 1.4
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