What Are The Common Grades Of Stainless Steel?

What are the common grades of stainless steel?

Stainless steel is often divided into martensitic steel, ferritic steel, austenitic steel, austenitic ferritic (duplex) stainless steel and precipitation hardening stainless steel, etc. In addition, according to the composition can be divided into: chromium stainless steel, chromium nickel stainless steel and chromium manganese nitrogen stainless steel.

A, austenitic stainless steel

Chromium is more than 18%, but also contains about 8% nickel and a small amount of molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen and other elements. Good overall performance, can resist a variety of media corrosion. The common grades of austenitic stainless steel are 1Cr18Ni9, 0Cr19Ni9 and so on. Wc of 0Cr19Ni9 steel <0.08%, marked with "0" in the steel number. This kind of steel contains a large amount of Ni and Cr, so that the steel is austenitic at room temperature. This kind of steel has good plasticity, toughness, weldability, corrosion resistance and no magnetic or weak magnetism, corrosion resistance in oxidizing and reducing media are good, used to make acid-resistant equipment, such as corrosion resistant containers and equipment lining, transportation pipes, nitric acid resistant equipment parts, etc., in addition, it can also be used as the main material of stainless steel watch jewelry. Austenitic stainless steel generally uses solid solution treatment, that is, the steel is heated to 1050 ~ 1150 ° C, and then water-cooled or air-cooled to obtain single-phase austenitic structure.

For example, some of the more common austenitic stainless steels are labeled 201, 304, 316, and 310.

Two, ferritic stainless steel

Contains 15% ~ 30% chromium. Its corrosion resistance, toughness and weldability increase with the increase of chromium content, and the chloride stress corrosion resistance is better than other types of stainless steel, which belongs to this category Crl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28 and so on. Because of its high chromium content, ferritic stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, but its mechanical properties and process properties are poor, and it is mostly used for acid-resistant structures with little force and for antioxidant steel. This kind of steel can resist the corrosion of atmosphere, nitric acid and brine solution, and has the characteristics of high temperature oxidation resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, etc., used in nitric acid and food factory equipment, and can also make parts that work at high temperatures, such as gas turbine parts.

Ferritic stainless steel is marked with 430 and 446.

Third, precipitation hardening stainless steel

The matrix is austenitic or martensitic structure, and the common grades of precipitation-hardened stainless steel are 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al and so on. Stainless steel that can be hardened (strong) by precipitation hardening (also known as age hardening) treatment.

Four, martensitic stainless steel

High strength, but poor plasticity and weldability. The commonly used grades of martensitic stainless steel are 1Cr13, 3Cr13, etc., because of the high carbon content, it has higher strength, hardness and wear resistance, but the corrosion resistance is slightly poor, and it is used for some parts with higher mechanical properties and general corrosion resistance requirements, such as springs, turbine blades, hydraulic press valves, etc. This kind of steel is used after quenching and tempering treatment. Annealing is required after forging and stamping.

Martensitic stainless steel is marked with 410, 420 and 440C.

Five, austenite-ferrite duplex stainless steel

It has the advantages of austenitic and ferritic stainless steel and has superplasticity. Stainless steel with about half austenitic and half ferritic structure. In the case of low carbon content,
Chromium (Cr) content in 18% to 28%, nickel (Ni) content in 3% to 10%. Some steels also contain Mo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, N and other alloying elements. This kind of steel has the characteristics of austenitic and ferritic stainless steel, compared with ferritic, higher plasticity, toughness, no room temperature brittleness, intergranular corrosion resistance and welding performance are significantly improved, while also maintaining the ferritic stainless steel 475℃ brittleness and high thermal conductivity, with superplasticity and other characteristics. Compared with austenitic stainless steel, it has higher strength and higher resistance to intergranular corrosion and chloride stress corrosion. Duplex stainless steel has excellent pitting resistance and is also a nickel-free stainless steel.
Duplex (austenitic-ferrite), stainless steels, precipitation-hardened stainless steels, and high alloys with less than 50% iron content are usually named by proprietary or trademark names.

6. Stainless steel plate and steel belt for pressure equipment

Pressure vessel special stainless steel, its classification and code, size, shape and allowable deviation, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking and product quality certificate have clear requirements. Commonly used brands are 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 digital code: S30408, S31603 and so on. Mainly used in food machinery, pharmaceutical machinery and other sanitary equipment.