1.4404 vs. 1.4482 Stainless Steel: Corrosion Resistance
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What material is 1.4404 equivalent to ASTM?
Material 1.4404 is primarily equivalent to AISI 316L stainless steel. It is a low-carbon, acid-resistant austenitic stainless steel often referred to as X2CrNiMo17-12-2 under EN standards, offering excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in chloride-containing environments. It is also commonly associated with AISI 316, SS2348, and 1.4401.
What is the ASTM equivalent of 1.4482 duplex?
EN 1.4482 (also known as UNS S32001 or LD24) is a low-alloy, cost-effective "Lean Duplex" stainless steel (comprising 50% austenite and 50% ferrite) enriched with manganese, nitrogen, and chromium. With a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) of 24, it offers corrosion resistance comparable to that of 304L and 316L, while simultaneously providing superior strength.
1.4404 vs. 1.4482 Stainless Steel: Key Differences
| Feature | EN 1.4404 (AISI 316L) | EN 1.4482 (Lean Duplex / S32001) |
| Microstructure | Austenitic (100% Austenite) | Duplex (~50% Ferrite, ~50% Austenite) |
| Common Name | Marine Grade Stainless / 316L | Lean Duplex 2001 |
1.4404 vs. 1.4482 Stainless Steel: Chemical Composition (Typical Values, %)
| Element | EN 1.4404 (AISI 316L) | EN 1.4482 (Lean Duplex) |
| Carbon | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.03 |
| Chromium | 16.5 – 18.5 | 19.5 – 21.5 |
| Nickel | 10.0 – 13.0 | 1.50 – 3.50 |
| Molybdenum | 2.00 – 2.50 | 0.10 – 0.60 |
| Manganese | ≤ 2.00 | 4.00 – 6.00 |
| Nitrogen | ≤ 0.10 | 0.05 – 0.17 |
| Silicon | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 |
| Phosphorus | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.035 |
| Sulfur | ≤ 0.015 | ≤ 0.015 |
1.4404 vs. 1.4482 Stainless Steel: Mechanical Properties (At Room Temperature)
The dual-phase structure (Ferrite + Austenite) of 1.4482 provides significantly higher strength compared to the fully austenitic 1.4404.
| Property | Unit | EN 1.4404 (316L) | EN 1.4482 (S32001) |
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | MPa (min) | 220 – 240 MPa (min) | 400 – 480 MPa (min) |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | MPa | 520 – 670 MPa | 630 – 800 MPa |
| Elongation (A50mm) | % (min) | 40 – 45 % (min) | 25 – 30 % (min) |
| Impact Strength (ISO-V) | J (min) | 100 – 150 J (min) | 60 – 100 J (min) |
| Hardness (Brinell) | HB (max) | 215 HB (max) | 250 HB (max) |
| Modulus of Elasticity | GPa | 200 GPa | 200 GPa |
1.4404 vs. 1.4482 Stainless Steel: Corrosion Resistance
1. Pitting resistance (PREN)
Pitting corrosion is caused by chloride ions (e.g., seawater, de-icing salts). EN 1.4404 (316L) typically has a PREN of 23–26, mainly due to its 2.0–2.5% Mo content. EN 1.4482 generally shows a PREN of 22–25; despite its low Mo, its resistance relies on higher chromium (~20%) and nitrogen, which improve passive film stability.
2. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC)
SCC occurs in hot chloride environments (>60°C) under tensile stress. EN 1.4404 (austenitic) is highly susceptible, especially in hot, saline conditions such as pool structures or hot water systems. EN 1.4482 (duplex) offers excellent SCC resistance due to its dual-phase (ferrite + austenite) microstructure, which significantly inhibits crack propagation.
3. Uniform corrosion (acid resistance)
EN 1.4404 performs better in reducing acids (e.g., dilute sulfuric acid) and many organic acids (acetic, citric) because of higher Ni and Mo content. EN 1.4482 performs well in oxidizing acids like nitric acid due to higher Cr, but is weaker in reducing acid environments where Mo is critical for maintaining passivity. Therefore, 1.4404 is often preferred in complex chemical media.
4. Intergranular corrosion (IGC)
Both EN 1.4404 and EN 1.4482 are low-carbon grades (≤0.03%), providing excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding. In standard industrial welded applications, their performance in IGC resistance is generally comparable.
1.4404 vs. 1.4482 Stainless Steel: Yield Strength
EN 1.4404 (316L) has a yield strength ≥220 MPa and tensile strength of 520–670 MPa, offering high ductility but limited load-bearing capacity. In comparison, EN 1.4482 duplex stainless steel provides a yield strength of approximately 450–550 MPa,about twice that of 316L,and a tensile strength of 620–800 MPa. Its duplex microstructure significantly enhances strength and deformation resistance, making it more suitable for high-pressure structural applications and weight-reduced design solutions.
1.4404 and 1.4482 Stainless Steels: Which to Choose?
If your project involves high-purity pharmaceutical processes, complex deep drawing or forming operations, or requires non-magnetic properties, choose 1.4404 (316L).
If you are constructing storage tanks, structural components, or coastal infrastructure and wish to achieve higher strength and superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking while saving 15–25% on costs ,choose 1.4482 (Lean Duplex).
If you have project-specific requirements for 316L (1.4404) stainless steel bars, we invite you to place an order. GNEE maintains an extensive inventory of popular products for you to choose from. These materials can be processed into a wide variety of practical forms-including plates, coils, tubes, bars, wires, and more. For detailed information regarding chemical composition or to request free samples, please contact our factory immediately. We offer competitive pricing and exceptional service.
